4 research outputs found
Exploring ethnic variations in lifestyle and diabetes: using evidence from UK Biobank Data
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important public health problem, with prevalence rapidly rising in the last decade by 65% in the United Kingdom. Those with type 2 diabetes carry twice the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and premature mortality amongst adults. The UK population is now ageing and the number of multi-ethnic populations in UK is increasing, the burden of T2DM is of prime importance.
Improved lifestyle behaviours could significantly prevent the onset and also improve the effect of diabetes disease. However, the underpinning evidences have largely been obtained from studies of populations of white European descent. It is unclear whether these recommendations are appropriate for other ethnic groups. The prevalence of T2DM, it's impacts and controls differ between ethnic populations. T2DM is more common, more severe, develops at an earlier age as well as develops at lower obesity levels in the non-white minority population living within the United Kingdom compared with the majority White population. Therefore, more inclusive epidemiological information is critical for effective planning and designing of interventions to improve population health, particularly amongst non-white minority groups.
The aim of this thesis was to assess and analyse epidemiological data on the ethnic differences in sex, adiposity and lifestyle factors on T2DM risk among middle-aged adults in the United Kingdom with focus on European white, South Asians (people originating from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), Blacks (Black African and Black Caribbean) and Chinese descent populations
Body-mass index and cardiometabolic disease: a Mendelian randomisation study of UK Biobank Participants
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Body-mass index and cardiometabolic disease: a Mendelian randomisation study of UK Biobank participants
Full text linkAssociation of body mass index with cardiometabolic disease in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study
No full textImportance:Â Higher body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease; however, the underlying causal associations remain unclear.
Objectives:Â To use UK Biobank data to report causal estimates of the association between BMI and cardiometabolic disease outcomes and traits, such as pulse rate, using mendelian randomization.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional baseline data from a population-based cohort study including 119 859 UK Biobank participants with complete phenotypic (medical and sociodemographic) and genetic data. Participants attended 1 of 22 assessment centers across the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. The present study was conducted from May 1 to July 11, 2016.
Main Outcomes and Measures:Â Prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes were determined at assessment, based on self-report. Blood pressure was measured clinically. Participants self-reported sociodemographic information pertaining to relevant confounders. A polygenic risk score comprising 93 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BMI from previous genome-wide association studies was constructed, and the genetic risk score was applied to derive causal estimates using a mendelian randomization approach.
Results: Of the 119 859 individuals included in the study, 56 816 (47.4%) were men; mean (SD) age was 56.87 (7.93) years. Mendelian randomization analysis showed significant positive associations between genetically instrumented higher BMI and risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD higher BMI, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.48-1.83; P = 1.1 × 10−19), coronary heart disease (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.69; P = .007) and type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.04-3.13; P = 1.5 × 10−17), as well as systolic blood pressure (β = 1.65 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.78-2.52 mm Hg; P = 2.0 × 10−04) and diastolic blood pressure (β  = 1.37 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.88-1.85 mm Hg; P = 3.6 × 10−08). These associations were independent of age, sex, Townsend deprivation scores, alcohol intake, and smoking history.
Conclusions and Relevance:Â The results of this study add to the burgeoning evidence of an association between higher BMI and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This finding has relevance for public health policies in many countries with increasing obesity levels
